Monthly Market Update

Data Vacuum

• Gross Domestic Product ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾ (3Q25): GDPNow model estimate for real GDP growth (seasonally adjusted annual rate) in the third quarter of 2025 is 3.8% on October 1, down from 3.9% on September 26.
• Employment (September): Due to the Government Shutdown starting October 3^rd, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is unable to operate and delayed the nonfarm payroll report for September until activity is restored. Alternatively, the ADP National Employment Report for September 2025 indicated a loss of 32,000 private-sector jobs, marking the second consecutive month of decline after a loss of 3,000 private-sector jobs in August.
• Inflation ⁽⁴⁾ (August): The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 0.4% on a seasonally adjusted basis in August, after rising 0.2% in July, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported. Over the last 12 months, the all items index increased 2.9% before seasonal adjustment. The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.3% in August, after increasing 0.8% in July. The all items less food and energy index rose 3.1% for the 12 months ending in August, after rising 3.1% over the 12 months ending in July.
• The Producer Price Index (PPI) (August): The Producer Price Index for final demand, seasonally adjusted, edged down 0.1% in August, after rising 0.7% in July and 0.1% in June, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported. On an unadjusted basis, the index for final demand rose 2.6% for the 12 months ended August 2025.
• Retail and Food Services Sales ⁽⁶⁾ (August): Advance estimates of U.S. retail and food services sales for July 2025, adjusted for seasonal variation and holiday and trading-day differences, but not for price changes, were $732.0 billion, up 0.6% (±0.4%) from the previous month, and up 5.0% (±0.5%) from August 2024.
• Personal Income and PCE ⁽⁹⁾ (August): Personal incomeincreased $95.7 billion (0.4% at a monthly rate) in August, according to estimates released by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. From the preceding month, the PCE price index for July increased 0.3%. Excluding food and energy, the PCE price index increased 0.2%. From the same month one year ago, the PCE price index for August increased 2.7%. Excluding food and energy, the PCE price index increased 2.9% from one year ago.

Cutting Through Uncertainty

The most recent Fed meeting took place on September 17, 2025. The FOMC decided to cut federal funds to the target range of 4.00% to 4.25%. As of this writing, markets are pricing a 97.8% chance of lowering rates by another -25 bps, and a 1.0% chance of holding rates steady at the October 29^th 2025 meeting. ⁽⁷⁾⁽⁸⁾

Highlights of Chair Powell’s Press Conference:

• Weakening Labor Market Drives Rate Cut: “With downside risks to employment having increased, the balance of risks has shifted… Accordingly, we judged it appropriate at this meeting to take another step toward a more neutral policy stance.”
• Balancing the Dual Mandate: “In the near term, risks to inflation are tilted to the upside and risks to employment to the downside—a challenging situation.”
• Tariffs Pose Inflation Risk and Drive Policy Uncertainty: ““Higher tariffs have begun to push up prices in some categories of goods… A reasonable base case is that the effects on inflation will be relatively short lived—a one-time shift in the price level. But it is also possible that the inflationary effects could instead be more persistent, and that is a risk to be assessed and managed.”

World Growth Projections Updated

According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the world economy is expected to grow by 3.2% in 2025, before slowing down to 2.9% in 2026. Global growth outperformed expectations in early 2025, driven by emerging markets and U.S. resilience, but rising tariffs, softening labor markets, stalled disinflation, and looming risks such as further trade barriers and financial instability cloud the outlook.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (September 2025):

Source: OECD  2025 Interim Economic Outlook

Monthly and YTD returns

Source: Morningstar asset class screening total return 1 month USD and total return YTD as of September 30^th 2025 ⁽¹¹⁾

• This content is being published by Amerant Investments, Inc (Amerant Investments) a dually registered broker-dealer and investment adviser registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and member of FINRA/SIPC. Registration does not imply a certain level of skill, endorsement, or approval. Amerant Investments is an affiliate of Amerant BankDefinitions:
  • ⁽¹⁾ Gross Domestic Product (GDP): A comprehensive measure of U.S. economic activity. GDP is the value of the goods and services produced in the United States. The growth rate of GDP is the most popular indicator of the nation’s overall economic health. Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).
  • ⁽²⁾ GDPNow is not an official forecast of the Atlanta Fed. Rather, it is best viewed as a running estimate of real GDP growth based on available economic data for the current measured quarter. There are no subjective adjustments made to GDPNow—the estimate is based solely on the mathematical results of the model. In particular, it does not capture the impact of COVID-19 and social mobility beyond their impact on GDP source data and relevant economic reports that have already been released. It does not anticipate their impact on forthcoming economic reports beyond the standard internal dynamics of the model.
  • ⁽³⁾ The Current Employment Statistics (CES) program produces detailed industry estimates of nonfarm employment, hours, and earningsof workers on payrolls. CES National Estimates produces data for the nation, and CES State and Metro Area produces estimates for all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and about 450 metropolitan areas and divisions. Each month, CES surveys approximately 142,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 689,000 individual worksites. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
  • Initial Claims: An initial claim is a claim filed by an unemployed individual after a separation from an employer. The claimant requests a determination of basic eligibility for the UI program. When an initial claim is filed with a state, certain programmatic activities take place and these result in activity counts including the count of initial claims. The count of U.S. initial claims for unemployment insurance is a leading economic indicator because it is an indication of emerging labor market conditions in the country. However, these are weekly administrative data which are difficult to seasonally adjust, making the series subject to some volatility. Source: US Department of Labor (DOL).
  • ⁽⁴⁾ The Consumer Price Index (CPI):Is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. Indexes are available for the U.S. and various geographic areas. Average price data for select utility, automotive fuel, and food items are also available. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
  • ⁽⁵⁾ The national unemployment rate: Perhaps the most widely known labor market indicator, this statistic reflects the number of unemployed people as a %age of the labor force. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
  • The number of people in the labor force. This measure is the sum of the employed and the unemployed. In other words, the labor force level is the number of people who are either working or actively seeking work. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
  • ⁽⁶⁾ Advance Monthly Sales for Retail and Food Services:Estimated monthly sales for retail and food services, adjusted and unadjusted for seasonal variations. Source: United States Census Bureau.
  • ⁽⁷⁾ Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC): Responsible for implementing Open market Operations (OMOs)–the purchase and sale of securities in the open market by a central bank—which are a key tool used by the US Federal Reserve in the implementation of monetary policy. Source: Federal Reserve.
  • ⁽⁸⁾ The Federal Funds Rate: Is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. When a depository institution has surplus balances in its reserve account, it lends to other banks in need of larger balances. In simpler terms, a bank with excess cash, which is often referred to as liquidity, will lend to another bank that needs to quickly raise liquidity. Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
  • ⁽⁹⁾ The “core” PCE price index: Is defined as personal consumption expenditures (PCE) prices excluding food and energy prices. The core PCE price index measures the prices paid by consumers for goods and services without the volatility caused by movements in food and energy prices to reveal underlying inflation trends. Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).

  Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), Federal Reserve, Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED), Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, U.S. Census Bureau, Department of Housing and Human Development (HUD), U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), U..S Department of the Treasury, Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), U.S. Department of Commerce, data.gov, investor.gov, usa.gov, congress.gov, whitehouse.gov, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Morningstar, The International Monetary Funds (IMF), The World Bank (WB), European Central bank (ECB), Bank of Japan (BOJ), European Parliament, Eurostats, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), World health organization (WHO). The White House, Tariff FactSheet.

  ⁽¹¹⁾ Financial Markets – Monthly and YTD returns (Table): Asset class performance is in USD and refers to the following indices: Equities: US Large Caps (S&P 500), Emerging Markets (MSCI EM), Europe (MSCI Europe), Japan (MSCI Japan). Fixed Income: 10-Yr. US Treasuries (BofAML US Treasury Current 10-Yr.), Emerging Markets Sovereign (USD) (JPM EMBI Global), US High Yield (BofAML US HY Master II), US Investment Grade (BarCap US Aggregate Bond), and Developed Markets Sovereign (excl. US) (JPM GBI Global Ex US). Source: Morningstar.

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